大学英语六级(阅读)模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷10 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Over a century ago, Alfred Russell Wallace wrote that “we live in a zoologically poor world, from which all the hugest, fiercest and strangest forms have recently disappeared. “ Researchers seeking to explain this “ marvelous fact”, as Wallace called it, fall into two camps, one invoking global climatic change and the other human hunting as the cause. Over the past few decades, the debate has become deadlocked, in part because most researchers have focused their attention on the Americas and northern Eurasia, where the extinction of the huge, fierce, and strange creatures, such as mammoths, and giant sloths(大树懒), occurred between 12, 500 and about 11, 000 years ago. This was a time of rapid climatic change, but it was also when humans first arrived in these regions, making it difficult to discern causality. Australia provides the only separate, continent-sized natural laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinctions occurred. It is thus of exceptional importance as a testing ground for extinction theories, but until now problems with dating have limited its potential. Miller and some people have now documented the extinction of the gigantic Australian bird and so have broken new ground in dating huge creatures extinction in Australia. At the same time, these authors have broken the current deadlock in the great huge creature extinction debate. It has long been appreciated that the intensity of Quaternary extinctions varied greatly around the world. In the oceans, Africa, and Southeast Asia, they were nonexistent or mild. Europe experienced moderate extinction rates, whereas the Americas, Australia, Madagascar, and many Oceanic islands suffered dramatic extinctions. North America lost 73% of all forms weighing more than 44 kg, but Australia suffered the most severely of all the continents, losing every terrestrial vertebrate(脊椎动物)species larger than a human, as well as many smaller mammals, reptiles, and flightless birds, the latter down to about a kilogram in weight. In all, about 60 vertebrate species were lost, including bizarre marsupials(有袋类动物)that resembled giant sloths, kangaroos, and a terrestrial horned tortoise that approached the size of a Volkswagen Beetle car. Establishing just when this bizarre array of creatures last trod Australia’s outback has been an intricate business, with many false leads and sites that are difficult to interpret. For decades, it was believed that the huge creatures survived until close to the time of the glacial maximum, some 20, 000 years ago, when temperatures were up to 9t cooler than at present and the continent was extremely arid. Conditions were so extreme that trees virtually disappeared from the inland, and 40% of Australia was

transformed into a vast active dune field.

1． Alfred Russell Wallace thought our world is zoologically poor because of______.

正确答案：the disappearing of the hugest, fiercest and strangest forms

解析：根据线索词zoologically poor定位在第一段第一句话上，文中说我们生活在一个物种数量减少的时代，所有那些最大、最凶猛、最奇怪的物种近来都从世界上消失了…，本题将原文中的from which…非限制性定语从句转化成一个原因状语，需用disappear的动名词形式。 知识模块：短句问答

2． The difficulty in discerning the direct cause of the huge creatures’ extinction in______ has made the debate deadlocked.

正确答案：the Americas and northern Eurasia 解析：文中说这种争辩已陷于僵局，部分是因为大多数研究者将注意力集中于美洲和欧亚大陆的北部，那里，动物灭绝的时候也是人类首次涉足的时候，故导致动物灭绝的原因究竟是气候还是狩猎无法说清楚。根据介词in判断这里填地点。 知识模块：短句问答

3． The evidence found by Miller and other people made progress in______.

正确答案：dating huge creature extinction in Australia 解析：根据线索词Miller定位在第二段。文中说米勒等人现在已经为澳大利亚巨鸟的灭绝提供了详实的证据，因而使鉴定澳大利亚大型动物群灭绝时间的研究有了独到的见解。题干中的made progress和文中的have broken new ground是同义转述。 知识模块：短句问答

4． Before the Quaternary extinction, there lived______whose weight was down to a kilogram in Australia.

正确答案：many smaller mammals, reptiles and flightless birds

解析：根据线索词down to a kilogram定位在第三段第五句话上。文中说澳大利亚在第四纪灭绝时失去了很多物种，其中包括小型的体重在1千克左右的哺乳动物、爬行动物及不能飞的鸟类，由此知答案。 知识模块：短句问答

5． In the last paragraph, the author seems to be more agreeable to the idea that______ caused the extinction of huge creatures in Australia.

正确答案：global climatic change 解析：从文中最后一段得知，澳大利亚在冰河极盛期时气候发生了巨大变化，这导致了陆地很大一部分变成了沙丘活动的荒野，故看出作者倾向于将大型动物的灭亡归因于气候的变化。 知识模块：短句问答

According to a scientific study published in April, 2007, birds have shown they can plan for a future state of mind. Hiving up provisions for future use is not unique to humans. Birds, squirrels and monkeys do it. But the ability to think not just about tomorrow, but to realize how tomorrow’s feelings might differ from today’s, was thought to be the preserve of people. Recently researchers demonstrated that Western scrub-jays(灌木松鸦), a type of crow, can do it too. The researchers, led by Nicky Clayton of the University of Cambridge, wanted to test an idea proposed by Wolfgang Kohler, Norbert Bischof and Doris Bischof-Kohler, three German psychologists. The Bischof-Kohler hypothesis says that only humans can mentally separate themselves from what they are experiencing to conceive how they might feel about future events.To test whether this is so, Dr. Clayton and her colleagues sought to tease apart scrub-jays’ momentary desires from their planning for future needs. They let the birds eat as much of one food as they wanted, exploiting a condition called specific satiety(饱足)-- once the birds are full of one food, they show strong preference for something different. They then offered the birds that same food or a second one to store for later. Initially the scrub-jays behaved as predicted, choosing to hive away the second food, which they had not just eaten. But minutes before allowing the birds to recover their storage, the researchers fed the birds to satiety with that second food — the one they had already stored. The birds changed their storing preferences on the very next trial. Even though they had just had their fill of the first food, they still store it, presumably because they thought it would be their preferred choice later. The finding matters because the birds seem to plan ahead for what they will want later, even though their choice conflicts with what they want now. It could prompt a reassessment of how animals perceive the world around them.

6． Recent research shows that birds have the ability to arrange for______.

正确答案：a future state of mind 解析：第一段首句指出调查发现鸟类表现出它们能够为将来要得到的感受进行提早的计划安排。arrange for对应文中的plan for，直接摄取答案。 知识模块：短句问答

7． The purpose of the research conducted by Dr. Clayton and her team is to______.

正确答案：test the Bischof-Kohler hypothesis

解析：由线索词Dr．Clayton定位至第二段，文中说比斯克赫夫·柯和勒假想指出…，Clayton博士为了验证这一假想开始了实验，这也就是实验的目的。 知识模块：短句问答

8． The researchers wanted to employ certain methods to separate the scrub-jays’ present desires from their thinking for______.

正确答案：future needs

解析：由信息词present desires定位至第三段第一句，为了证明事实如何，研究人员试图理清灌木松鸦的瞬间欲望与为将来做计划的区别。题干中的separate…from是对原文中的tease apart…from的同义转述，由此得出答案。 知识模块：短句问答

9． What was the scrub-jays’ momentary desire after they ate one food to the satiety condition?

正确答案：They showed strong preference for something different

解析：由信息词satiety condition定位在第三段，第二句说实验人员让这些灌木松鸦进入到一种特饱的状态——只要这些鸟饱食一种食物，那它们就会对另外不同的东西表现出一种强烈的喜爱。由此可以直接获取答案。 知识模块：短句问答

10． The finding on the scrub-jays’ behavior make us______the animals’ thinking.

正确答案：reassess

解析：由线索词finding定位至最后一段，文中说这项实验证实了鸟类似乎能够对未来之需未雨绸缪，但这意义之深远并非如此，这一实验也提示了人们要重新估量动物是如何感知这个世界的。根据语法要求将名词reassessment变为动词reassess即可。 知识模块：短句问答

Since the dawn of human ingenuity(独创性), people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos(发明)whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “ we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘ common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world. “ Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors’(微型处理器)might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found is that the

human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantly focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.

11． The continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics enables robot systems to be applied in some surgeries with very high______.

正确答案：accuracy 解析：第一段最后一句指出，由于电子设备的小型化和微型机械的持续发展，我们已经有了能够进行某些脑部和骨骼手术的机器人系统，其工作精确度可达到次毫米。由此看出精确度(accuracy)很高。 知识模块：短句问答

12． Dave Lavery suggests we can not design a robot that______responds to the dynamic world.

正确答案：reliably

解析：根据关键词Dave Lavery，定位到第三段，但是我们仍然不能给机器人足够的“常识”，使它能够可靠地和一个动态的社会交流。responds to对应原文的interact with，答案为reliably“可靠地”。 知识模块：短句问答

13． It may be______that by 2010, the action of human brain can be copied by transistor circuits and microprocessors.

正确答案：impossible

解析：根据关键词2010和the action of human brain可在第四段第二句找到对应。原文末句指出，人们预计到2010年晶体管电路和微型处理器能够复制人类大脑，但是to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries表明原来预测的时间由于某些原因推后了，即到2010年成功复制人类大脑活动是不能实现的。 知识模块：短句问答

14． The talent of the______has been largely underestimated by researchers before.

正确答案：nerve cells 解析：第五段首句指出研究人员发现人类大脑有约一千亿个神经细胞，它们的能力远超过先前想象的，故可知神经细胞的能力之前被低估了。 知识模块：短句问答

15． Facing with a rapidly changing scene, even the most advanced robot can not

quickly find______ information that it needs.

正确答案：relevent

解析：根据关键词rapidly changing scene，找到原文最后一段，人脑对于快速转换的画面，只需瞥一眼就能立刻忽略掉98％的无关(irrelevant)信息，马上将目光聚集到蜿蜒的森林小路旁的那只猴子身上。而地球上最先进的计算机系统也不具备这种能力，这种能力指的就是人具有忽略无关信息，并快速定位相关信息的能力，所以答案为文中irrelevant的反义词relevant。 知识模块：短句问答

Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the universal Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the “Net”, in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost everyone who pays a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as network of visual telephone links. It remains to be seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believe it is the educational hope of future. The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the “Net” was comparable to an integrated collection of computerized typewriters, but the introduction of the “Web” in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs and even video. A web site consists of a “home page”, the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related “pages”(or screens)at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called “hypertext”. By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the “Net” can go traveling, or surfing through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required. Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company’s products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by any organization. It is, perhaps, true to say that one and therefore everyone owns the “Net”. Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for dual purposes for which it was intended — discovery and delight.

16． Internet and the telephone networks can both ______ us to many people in the world.

正确答案：simply link

解析：第一段第二句对因特网和电话网的相似性进行了描述。原文说，数以百万计的人仅仅(simply)通过一台配备了调制解调器和一个网络地址的计算机就能够连在一起了，类似于一部电话能让我们与全世界任何角落的付电话费的人连在一起。可见，这两种连接的方式都非常简单地把人们连在一起。 知识模块：短句问答

17． Though originated in communication industry, the Information Superhighway was believed to promote______in the future.

正确答案：education

解析：根据关键词future定位在第一段末句。原文说，许多人认为，信息高速公路是未来教育的希望所在(the educational hope of future)。根据题干要求将原文形容词形式转换为名词形式。 知识模块：短句问答

18． ______makes it possible for people to access many other related pages from one homepage.

正确答案：Hypertext

解析：根据关键词other related pages定位在第二段第三、四句。第三句说，人们通过一个网页就可以连接到其他相关的许多页面，第四句说，这是通过hypertext来实现的。注意答案的首字母大写。 知识模块：短句问答

19． The media often take the Internet as a dangerous tool for young computer users because of the relatively freedom of access to______.

正确答案：information 解析：最后一段第三句指出由于网民有相对的自由获取信息，媒体经常批评因特网在年轻用户的支配下是一个具有潜在风险的工具。故媒体对因特网的指责是因为其获取信息的自由度。 知识模块：短句问答

20． What are the purposes for most computer users to get connected with the Internet?

正确答案：Discovery and delight

解析：根据关键词purposes，定位到原文最后一句话，可以直接摄取答案discovery and delight。 知识模块：短句问答

Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

It might be supposed that efficiency should be achieved only if several people cooperate to solve a problem. Such results are by no means invariable. Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counterbalancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and with efforts to make it more【C1】______. Problem solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction but【C2】______the orderly, constructive expression of various opinions. Although groups may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically【C3】______than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone. A process called brainstorming(自由讨论)has been offered as a method which can【C4】______the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few【C5】______as can be managed. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups. Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more【C6】______than a reasonably competent individual does. Group members may【C7】______different resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group【C8】______superior in dealing with selected problems. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher【C9】______of identifying the right one than does an individual alone. One difference between problem solving by a group and by an individual is that the group depends heavily on【C10】______communication, while individual through implicit, subjective, silent activity.[A]probability[B]effectively[C]refrains[D]permits[E]coherent[F]inhibitions[G]achievements[H]higher[I]contribute[J]ampler[K]lower[L]inefficiently[M]facilitate[N]agreements[O]verbal

21． 【C1】

正确答案：E

解析：此处填形容词。句中的it指代前面出现的group。and前的内容指出要解决团队成员之间存在的分歧。[E]coherent可以表示相应的结果，“有凝聚力的”。 知识模块：篇章词汇

22． 【C2】

正确答案：D

解析：此处填动词。not only…but“不仅…而且”，这就说明了but后的短语内容与not only后的内容意义相近，都是表现leader的积极作用；并且此句中的主语为he，是单数，选[D]permits。 知识模块：篇章词汇

23． 【C3】

正确答案：K

解析：此处填形容词。than表明此处形容词应为比较级。由although表转折关系可知，前半句指出团队工作的优点，故可知后半部分为其缺点，选[K]lower。 知识模块：篇章词汇

24． 【C4】

正确答案：M

解析：此处填动词。描述brainstorming的设计意图，指的是它的积极性。[I]contribute和[K]lower在语法上与句子不搭配，选[M]facilitate。 知识模块：篇章词汇

25． 【C5】

正确答案：F 解析：此处填名词。下一句的suggestions是本句中whatever they can think of的归纳总结。文中修饰suggestions为unrestricted，所以此处名词与few连用表达的意思需要与unrestricted语义相对应，选项[F]inhibitions符合要求。 知识模块：篇章词汇

26． 【C6】

正确答案：B

解析：此处填副词。此句中的however引导的转折句是对上段末句的转折。上段末句指出：研究表明在相似的条件下，有时团体工作的效率会比个人工作的效率低，可知此处应是表达团队工作的效率高，所以选[B]effectively。 知识模块：篇章词汇

27． 【C7】

正确答案：I

解析：此处填动词。情态动词may后跟动词原形，选项中的动词原形有[I]contribute和[K]lower，lower也可与to搭配，但在此处与上下文又不符，故选[I]contribute。 知识模块：篇章词汇

28． 【C8】

正确答案：G

解析：此处填名词。此句同样是说明团体工作的优点，本题的关键在于在哪些方面较好，选[G]achievements。 知识模块：篇章词汇

29． 【C9】

正确答案：A

解析：此处填名词。本段首句指明了整段话的主旨，即：团队工作的效率比个人工作的效率高。因此可知此句内容也是表明团队工作的优点，由higher修饰，并且与其搭配能表示这一优点的为选项[A]probability。 知识模块：篇章词汇

30． 【C10】

正确答案：O 解析：此处填形容词。本段句首即指出此句的中心是讲述以团队形式解决问题和以个人形式解决问题的不同点，文中明确给出个人解决问题的方法即：通过一种含蓄的、主观的和无声的方法，而团队的解决问题方式则是言语沟通。因此[O]verbal正确。 知识模块：篇章词汇