新概念英语第二册倒装句语法知识
一、倒装的类型
1.完全倒装:整个谓语移至主语之前。
Outrushedthestudentstowelcometheforeignfriends.
2.部分倒装:只把系动词,情态动词,助动词或表语放在主语之前。
Seldomdoeshegotoschoollate. 二、倒装结构的基本用法
1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装
1)疑问句中,用完全或部分倒装,但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序
WheredidhegolastMonday? Areyoulisteningtotheradio?
2)“therebe”结构中,Therearethreewellsinourvillage. Therestandsabigpapermakingfactorybytheriver.
3)在以here,there,now,then,in,away,updown等副词开头的句子中,使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。
Theregoesthebell. Nowcomesyourturntoplay Downshewent.
4)在以neithernor或nomore开头的.句子中,表示“……也不这样”,neither和nor意思相同,可以替换使用;nomore表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强,意为“也不……”。
Ican’tswim,nor(neither)canshe.
Hehasn’tbeentothecountryside,neitherdoeshewanttogothere. Hedidnotturnup.Nomoredidhiswife.
5)用在as(尽管)引导的让步状语从句中,从属连句as用于特殊语序,含义与though,although相同,但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照,必须用倒装(表语提前)。
Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme. Youngasheis,heknowsalot.
2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。(使句子更加流畅,更加生动) 1)含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时,常用否定词有:never,not,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,notonly…butalso,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。
Neverbeforehaveweseensuchasight. LittledidIthinkthathecouldbebackalive. NotuntilNewYear’sDayshallIgiveyouagift.
Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.
2)副词only放在句首时,only起强调作用,其句型为“only+状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语,则不用倒装结构。
Onlythendidherealizehismistakes. Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathswell.
OnlyMothercanunderstandme.
3)虚拟语气条件从句中,把从句中if省略将were,had或should放在主语的前面。
Weretheyhere,theywouldhelpus.
HadIbeeninformedearlier.Icouldhavedonesomething. Shouldyoufail,takemorepainandtryagain.
4)直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,主句主语和谓语次序颠倒,用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长,一般不用倒装。
“Heisacleverboy.”saidtheteacher.
“Go,Dick,go!”criedTom,“Gohomeandgethelp.” “Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”heasked.
“I’mleavingforHongkongnextmonth.”Marytoldmeyesterday. 5)表示祝愿的句子中,谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。 Mayyousucceed!
LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina.
6)副词so在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。
Heisinterestedinpop-songs,andsoamI. Theywilllearnchemistrynextterm,sowillI. Icandriveacar,socanmyyoungerbrother.
如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思,不表示也适用于另一人或事,则不用倒装结构。
-TomwonthefirstprizefortheEnglishcompetition.-Sohedid.
-Itwascoldyesterday.-Soitwas.
7)在频度状语often,always,manyatime等开头的句子中。 Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.
ManyatimehasshehelpedmewithmyEnglish.
8)在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首。 Thusendedhislife.
Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.
9)介词短语作状语,放在句首。
Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodalittlegirl. Inthedistancewasahorse.
10)在强调表语的句子中,表语提前,不仅为了强调,而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调,或使上下文紧密衔接。
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements. Suchislife.
Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland. 【专项训练】
1、______thatweallwentout,lyinginthesun.
A.TheweathersofinewasB.SofinewastheweatherC.SotheweatherwasfineD.Sowasfineweather
2、
Underhisarm______apairofshoeswhichhehadboughtfromtheshopafewdaysbefore.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
3、______whohadarrestedhimthreetimesforcarryingdrugs. A.BeforeGeorgestoodthepolicemanB.BeforeGeorgethepolicemanstoodC.BeforethepolicemanstoodGeorgeD.BeforeGeorgedidthepoliceman
4、Then______wehadbeenlookingforwardto.
A.camethehourB.thehourcameC.comesthehourD.thehouriscoming
5、Onlywhenhestartedtoexplain______thereasonforthis. A.sherealizedB.didsherealizeC.shehadrealizedD.hadsherealized
6、______succeedindoinganything.
A.OnlybyworkinghardwecanB.ByonlyworkinghardwecanC.OnlybyworkinghardcanweD.Onlywecanbyworkinghard
7、Notforamoment______thetruthofyourstory. A.hehasdoubtedB.hedoubtsC.didhedoubtD.hediddoubt
8、
Nowhereelseintheworld______cheapertailoringthaninHongKong. A.atouristcanfindB.canatouristfindC.atouristwillfindD.atouristhasfound
9、Hardly______whenthebussuddenlypulledaway.
A.theyhadgottothebus-stopB.theygottothebus-stopC.didtheygettothebus-stopD.hadtheygottothebus-stop
10、Marydoesn’tspeakFrench,and______doesJoan. A.notB.neitherC.eitherD.so 参考答案:
1、B2、C3、A4、A5、B6、C7、C8、B9、D10、B
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